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111.
Comparative study of immobilized Trametes versicolor laccase on nanoparticles and kaolinite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized on nanoparticles and kaolinite by physical adsorption or chemical covalence in which the supporters were activated by cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Thermal and pH stabilities of immobilized laccase on these different supporters were compared. The degradation efficiencies of these immobilized laccases on oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were also compared. The results showed that the immobilized laccases on nanoparticles were more stable in resisting pH and thermal changes. After 48h oxidation, laccase immobilized on kaolinite using the covalent coupling method showed a higher efficiency of oxidation with the BaP residue of 23% in the presence of 1mM HBT and with BaP residue of 37% in 1mM ABTS as the mediator. The results also exhibited a significant inhibition by 1% surfactant Tween 80. According to the HPLC analysis, the oxidation products including 1,6-benzo[a]pyrene quinone, 3,6-benzo[a]pyrene quinone and 6,12-benzo[a]pyrene quinone were identified. 相似文献
112.
Isotopic evidence of nitrate sources and denitrification in the Mississippi River, Illinois 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Anthropogenic nitrate (NO3-) within the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River basin and discharge to the Gulf of Mexico has been linked to serious environmental problems. The sources of this NO3- have been estimated by others using mass balance methods; however, there is considerable uncertainty in these estimates. Part of the uncertainty is the degree of denitrification that the NO3- has undergone. The isotopic composition of NO3- in the Mississippi River adjacent to Illinois and tile drain (subsurface drain) discharge in agricultural areas of east-central Illinois was examined using N and O isotopes to help identify the major sources of NO3- and assess the degree of denitrification in the samples. The isotopic evidence suggests that most of the NO3- in the river is primarily derived from synthetic fertilizers and soil organic N, which is consistent with published estimates of N inputs to the Mississippi River. The 1:2 relationship between delta18O and delta15N also indicate that, depending on sample location and season, NO3- in the river and tile drains has undergone significant denitrification, ranging from about 0 to 55%. The majority of the denitrification appears to have occurred before discharge into the Mississippi River. 相似文献
113.
The photodegradation of 14C-benthiocarb in water, on a glass surface, on soil and silica gel TLC plates was studied. the study was designed to obtain some information of its dissipation and photodegradation under various laboratory conditions. Benthiocarb degrades readily when exposed to either sunlight or UV light (254 nm). However, it is degraded much faster by UV light than by sunlight. Also, benthiocarb decomposes faster in water or on a glass surface or silica gel surface than on a soil surface. the half-life of benthiocarb exposed to UV light was: 1 hr on glass surface; 1.5 hrs in water; 2 hrs on silica gel TLC plate; 20 hrs on soil TLC plate. Benthiocarb in water, and exposed to sunlight, had a half-life of approximately 3 days. the following major photodegradation products were identified: 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol; 4-chlorobenzaldehyde; 4-chlorobenzoic acid. 相似文献
114.
The pyrolysis residue (SP) of sewage sludge (SS) produced at 500 degrees C was subjected to batch and column leaching tests to investigate the release of its organic and inorganic constituents and metals. For comparison, incineration ash (SI) obtained from a SS incinerator was also tested. Pyrolysis and incineration reduced organic matter of SS from 0.78 kg kg(-1)-dry SS to 0.16 and 0.01 kg kg(-1)-dry SS, respectively. Heavy metals remained in SP without being volatilized, although Cd and Pb were transferred into the off-gas during incineration. In the batch leaching test with the leaching liquid-to-solid mass ratio (L/S)=10, the pH of the SS, SP, and SI filtrates was 6.3, 7.9, and 11.0, respectively. The total organic carbon concentrations were in the order SS (877 l mg l(-1))>SP (99 mg l(-1))>SI (26 mg l(-1)). The SP and SI filtrates met the landfill standard for the Cd and Pb concentrations (<0.3 mg l(-1)). In the column tests, although the SP contained more organic matter than that of SI, its carbon discharge into the leachate under aerobic conditions was similar to that of SI under anaerobic conditions. The leaching of heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn, was also suppressed in SP during the active decomposition of organic matter. We demonstrated that pyrolysis reduces the potential release of pollutants from sewage sludge in landfill, making it a promising method of treating sewage sludge before landfilling. 相似文献
115.
Hyunhee Kim Yong-Chul Jang Yeonjung Hwang Youngjae Ko Hyunmyeong Yun 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):3
116.
P. P. Hwang 《Marine Biology》1990,107(1):1-7
Salinity effects on ultrastructure, size and density of chloride cells in the larvae of ayuPlecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel) were examined. Ayu larvae hatched in freshwater were reared in seawater and freshwater at the Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, and the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, between 1984 and 1986. Freshwater-hatched larvae modify the intercellular organization and the junctional structure of skin chloride-cells within 1 h after direct transfer to 30 seawater. The gills of seawater-reared larvae develop chloride cells earlier than those of freshwaterreared larvae. Following the development, a more rapid decrease in number of skin chloride-cells occurs in the freshwater group, while a more significant increase in size of skin chloride-cells occurs in the seawater group. These results indicate that chloride cells possibly play a critical role in osmoregulation in the early life stages of ayu as in the adult, and that the skin chloride-cells may perform this function until the development of the gill chloridecells is complete. 相似文献
117.
Evaluation and comparison of alarm reset modes in advanced control room of nuclear power plants 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Fei-Hui Huang Sheue-Ling Hwang Tzu-Chung Yenn Yuan-Chang Yu Chong-Cheng Hsu Hao-Wu Huang 《Safety Science》2006,44(10):935-946
An automation function has been widely applied in main control room of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The alarm system of fourth nuclear power plant (FNPP) in Taiwan is also going to be developed with automatic technology that is expected to support the operators’ performance and reduce the number of alarms. In this study, an experiment with a training simulator as an advanced alarm system was conducted to compare the effects of different alarm reset modes on performance and subjective ratings. The objective was to evaluate the practicability of alarm system with only auto-reset function in FNPP. Results revealed that, using the auto-reset mode, participants had lower task load index (TLX) on effort in the first test trial and was more satisfied under multi-task condition. In contrast, using manual reset mode, participants were more satisfied on alarm handling, monitoring, and decision making. In other words, both reset modes are necessary to assist the operator in different aspects, but with only single reset mode is insufficient. The reset function in advanced alarm system therefore should be very flexible. 相似文献
118.
Preliminary exploration of the relationships between soil characteristics and PAH desorption and biodegradation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Desorption and biodegradation of pyrene (PYR) were investigated and their relationships to soil characteristics were addressed. The results indicated that maximum achievable desorption was 30.2, 10.4, and 1.0 mg/kg for soils that had 1.7, 2.2, and 4.4 wt.% of expandable clays (smectite and vermiculite), respectively. Neither dissolved organic matter (DOM) nor total clay amounts made a good prediction of the desorption trend. Subsequently, the ease of desorption facilitated a faster aqueous biodegradation rate. The slowest aqueous biodegradation rate, 0.02 l/h, was achieved for the soil system that had the greatest amount of expandable clays, whereas the soil containing 1.7% expandable clays only achieved 0.73 l/h. The soil with 2.2% expandable clays depicted 0.41 l/h of aqueous biodegradation rate. A good linear correlation was obtained between maximum achievable desorption and aqueous biodegradation rate (R(2)=0.92). Soil analysis revealed that the total (soil+water) biodegradation reached was 65%, 78.3%, and 81.8% of the initial concentration (100 mg/kg) for the sandy clay loam (Colombian), sandy loam (Ohio), and silty loam (New Mexico) soils, respectively. This biodegradation extent was also in good agreement of expandable clay amount. Although aqueous PYR bioavailability was limited due to the strong association with the expandable clays, microbial movement and adhesion to those clays seemed to result in a great extent of the soil-phase biodegradation. 相似文献
119.
120.